The 3D of the 19th century


   Stereoscope presented in the exposition was made in Germany in the end of 19 - beginning of 20 century. According to the legend the stereoscope was ordered from Paris by granny of the inhabitant of Kirovograd who gave it to the museum. Jakov Pauchenko took interest in photography and had a good collection of photographs of architectural buildings, and, maybe, his family also entertained themselves by such a "wonder of engineering".
   The photography has more than 170 year's history. January 7, 1839 French physicist D.F.Arago reported to the Paris Academy of Sciences about an invention of the first practically accepted way of photography, called daguerreotype, invented by an artist Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre. And in five years, in 1844, German engineer Moser applied first trial of stereoscopic photography.
   Stereo photography gives volumetrically image, reproduces form of represented objects, nature of their surface, positional relationship of the objects in space. The principle of operation of two-lens stereo-camera was described by well-known English physicist-optician D.Brewster in 1849. In Russia first stereoscope was developed by I.Aleksandrovsky in 1854. And in 1875 a stereoscopic photo-camera was made by a constructor D.Eruchevsky. This stereoscopic photo-camera was rated at 12 dry bromine gelatinous plates 17x8,5 cm. in size. Camera was provided with a shutter that allowed taking pictures both ways - instantly and with exposure. This particular camera was awarded a bronze medal at the exhibition in Paris in 1878.
   A special photo-camera with two shooting lenses and shutters is used to receive stereo photographs. Distance between optic axes is called stereoscopic base and equals 65-70 mm. The mechanism of shutters and aperture cinematically related, it ensures synchronism of their work. Received during the photography two images are arranged one after another on the film and create a stereoscopic pair. One should watch these images by left and right eye separately through a special optical device - stereoscope.